Study of Coverage and Determinants of Immunization in Children Aged 1 to 3 Years in a Rural Population of Delhi
Abstract
Since the launch of Expanded Program on Immunization in India in 1985, the country has made a tremendous progress in terms of coverage and so has the national capital, New Delhi. The present study assesses the immunization coverage, determinants, knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of respondents and proportion of Fully Vaccinated For Age (FVFA) children (i.e. those receiving timely immunization (within one month of due date)) and determinants of the same.A universal sample consisting of all children between 1 and 3 years was taken and information regarding status and KAP of respondents was obtained by house to house survey. Out of the 235 children that were included in the study, 86.6% males and 77.9% females were fully immunized.The immunization coverage of the various vaccines was 97% for BCG, 93.3% for OPV-1, DPT-1, OPV-2 & DPT-2, 89.6% for OPV-3 & DPT-3 and 86.7% for measles. The knowledge about vaccines was rather poor and only 50% of the respondents knew about Polio vaccine. The determinants of immunization status were availability of immunization card, tetanus immunization of mother, place of immunization, religion, parentÊs education, birth order and type of family. Out of the 196 fully immunized children, 104 (53.1%) were FVFA. The determinants of FVFA status were institutional delivery, working mother, awareness of immunization schedule, motherÊs education & fatherÊs occupation. The study shed light on the coverage and various determinants of immunization.Also, it is a unique study that has taken up the issue of timely immunization and no other study has been conducted in the country on this issue. Immunization coverage of a rural population was found to be better than the rest of Delhi as stated by survey NFHS-3 (National Family Health Survey). It has also brought out the success that the hard working staff of the local health centre have achieved in maintaining a high immunization coverage.
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