Cải cách tài chính y tế ở Đông Nam Á: NHỮNG THÁCH THỨC ĐỂ ĐẠT ĐƯỢC BAO PHỦ TOÀN DÂN

Viroj Tangcharoensathien, Walaiporn Patcharanarumol, MPH PorIr, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Ali Ghufron Mukti, Kongsap Akkhavong, Eduardo Banzon, Dang Boi Huong, Hasbullah Thabrany, Anne Mills

Tóm tắt


Trong bài viết này, chúng  tôi xem xét cải cách tài chính y tế tại 7 nước thuộc khu vực Đông Nam Á, những nước đang cố gắng  hạn  chế sự phụ  thuộc  vào khoản chi trả  trực tiếp  (bằng   tiền  túi) của người bệnh,   tăng  tài chính y tế bằng   quỹ  chung, và  mở rộng  sử dụng dịch vụ y tế để dần tiến  tới bảo hiểm  y tế toàn  dân.  Lào và Campuchia là hai nước nghèo, chủ yếu dựa vào quỹ công bằng y tế của các nhà tài trợ để tiếp cận người  nghèo  và trong việc  mở rộng chương trình ra phạm vi quốc gia đang có hai thách thức  lớn,  đó là đảm  bảo  sử dụng  quỹ đúng mục đích và xác định  đối tượng  nghèo  đúng tiêu chuẩn.  Đối với Thái Lan, Philippines, Indonesia và Việt Nam thì bảo hiểm y tế có nguồn thu từ lương và được sử dụng chủ yếu cho những người lao động trong khu vực chính thức[1] (trừ Malaysia), với các kết quả đầu ra khác nhau về mặt bảo vệ tài chính[2] ở mỗi nước. Các phương thức chi trả khác nhau có tác động khác nhau đến hành vi của người cung cấp dịch vụ và khả năng bảo vệ tài chính. Hai phương pháp nhằm bảo vệ tài chính cho người không nghèo nằm ngoài khu vực lao động chính thức   là mô hình đảm bảo tài chính dựa  vào thuế  và cơ chế cùng tham gia, với các khả năng khác nhau để đạt được  độ bao phủ toàn dân một cách nhanh chóng. 'Không gian tài khóa'3 và huy động đóng góp từ lương đều rất quan trọng trong việc nâng cao tính bảo vệ tài chính. Mở rộng độ bao phủ các dịch  vụ có chất  lượng   và đảm bảo nguồn nhân  lực  phù  hợp cũng  là điều  quan trọng  để đạt được bao phủ toàn dân. Vì cải cách tài chính y tế rất phức tạp, năng lực của tổ chức  trong việc hình thành bằng  chứng  và thông  tin cho chính sách  là rất cần thiết  và cần được  đẩy mạnh.

Đây là bài viết  thứ 6 trong tuyển  tập 6 bài viết về y tế tại Đông  Nam Á.


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