Hút thuốc lá thụ động và sức khỏe trẻ em (Secondhand smoke and children's health)
Tóm tắt
Tình trạng hút thuốc là thụ động có thể gây ra những ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng tới sức khỏe cộng động, đặc biệt là sức khỏe trẻ em. Các triệu chứng và bệnh mà trẻ có thể gặp phải khi phơi nhiễm với khói thuốc lá bao gồm viêm tai giữa, viêm đường hô hấp dưới, các triệu chứng hô hấp như ho, khò khè, khó thở nhiều đờm dãi, v, v…, làm bệnh hen suyễn trở nên trầm trọng hơn, suy giảm chức năng phổi và gây ra hội chứng đột tử bất thường ở trẻ sơ sinh.
Nhiều nghiên cứu trên thế giới đã cho thấy mặc dù vấn đề phơi nhiễm thụ động với khói thuốc lá đã được chú ý trong thời gian gần đây, nhưng tỷ lệ trẻ em phơi nhiễm với khói thuốc lá vẫn khá cao. Năm 2010, Tổ chức Y tế thế giới đã ước tính có khoảng 700 triệu trẻ em trên thê giới vẫn phải sống trong bầu không khí bị ôn nhiễm bởi khói thuốc lá và hằng năm có gần 170.000 trẻ em tử vong do các bệnh liên quan đến thuốc lá. Bài báo này sẽ giới thiệu về thành phần của khói thuốc lá, tác hại của khói thuốc lá tới sức khỏe trẻ em, thực trạng trẻ em phơi nhiễm thụ động với khói thuốc lá, tren thế giới và ở Việt Nam, cũng như những nghiên cứu, chương trình can thiệp đã thực hiện nhằm giảm sự phơi nhiễm của trẻ em với khói thuốc lá đã được thực hiện ở Viêt Nam.
English abstract
Secondhand smoke (SHS), also called environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), can cause detrimental health effects to community health, especially to children's health. Main symptoms and diseases caused by children's exposure to SHS include middle ear disease, lower respiratory tract infections, respiratory symptoms and the exacerbation of asthma, lung dysfunction and sudden infant death syndrome.
Worldwide studies have shown that although the issue of SHS exposure has been given increased attention recently, the proportion of children exposed to SHS is still high. The World Health
Organization (WHO) estimated that there were about 700 million children in the world who have to inhale the air polluted by tobacco smoke and approximately 170,000 deaths among children each year caused by tobacco-related diseases [59]. This article will introduce the definition and composition of SHS and will discuss its harmful effects to children's health, the situation of children's exposure to SHS worldwide and in Viet Nam and interventions to reduce children's exposure to SHS in Viet Nam.
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